工程材料英语
一、材料通用概念 | General Material Concepts
二、金属材料 | Metals
三、混凝土与水泥材料 | Concrete & Cementitious Materials
四、木材与复合材料 | Wood & Composites
五、塑料与高分子材料 | Plastics & Polymers
六、其他工程材料 | Other Engineering Materials
Material Receiving Inspection at the Warehouse
Zhou, we just received a shipment of structural steel — beams, channels, and angles. Let's do the receiving inspection.
周工，刚到了一批结构钢——工字钢、槽钢、角钢。我们做收货检验吧。
周工: 好的。先对照采购订单和送货单核对。
OK. Let's check against the PO and the delivery note first.
老张: Here's the packing list. 45 pieces total: 18 W12×65 beams, 12 C10×15.3 channels, 15 L4×4×3/8 angles. All marked as ASTM A36.
这是装箱单。总共45件：18根W12×65工字钢，12根C10×15.3槽钢，15根 L4×4×3/8角钢。全部标注ASTM A36。
周工: ASTM A36 is standard carbon steel — yield strength 36 ksi. Let me verify the mill certificates. 老张, do we have the MTRs?
ASTM A36是标准碳钢——屈服强度36 ksi（千磅每平方英寸）。我核对一下 材质证书。老张，质保书有吗？
老张: Yes, mill test reports are in the document folder. Each heat number is listed. Chemical composition and mechanical properties are all within spec.
有，质保书在文件袋里。每炉号都列了。化学成分和力学性能都在规格范 围内。
Good. Now let's do the visual inspection. Check for surface defects — rust, pitting, mill scale that's loose. Also check the dimensions.
好。现在做目视检查。看看有没有表面缺陷——锈蚀、点蚀、松动的氧化皮。 再查一下尺寸。
周工: (measuring with calipers) W12×65: flange width is 12.0 inches — correct. Web thickness is 0.39 inches — that matches the spec. But wait... this one has a slight bow. Let me put a straightedge on it.
（用卡尺测量）W12×65：翼缘宽度12.0英寸——正确。腹板厚度0.39英寸 ——符合规格。但等等……这根有点弯。我拿直尺靠一下。
The camber is about 1/4 inch over 20 feet. ASTM A6 allows 1/8 inch per 10 feet, so 1/4 inch over 20 feet is right at the limit. I'll flag this one for further check.
弯曲度约20英尺1/4英寸。ASTM A6允许每10英尺1/8英寸，所以20英尺1/4 英寸刚好卡在限值。这根我标记出来进一步检查。
Mark it with yellow tape and note it on the inspection report. Now let's check the channel sections.
用黄胶带标记，在检验报告上注明。好，再查槽钢。
老张: The channels look clean. No visible rust. The manufacturer applied a shop primer — looks like a red oxide primer.
槽钢看起来很干净。没有可见的锈。厂家做了车间底漆——看着像是红丹底 漆。
Check the dry film thickness — should be 1.5 to 2 mils minimum.
查一下干膜厚度——至少1.5到2密耳。
周工: (using DFT gauge) Readings are 1.6 to 2.1 mils. Pass.
（用干膜测厚仪）读数是1.6到2.1密耳。通过。
Alright. Overall, the shipment is acceptable with one exception — beam #7 has borderline camber. We'll accept it conditionally but I want the fabricator to check whether it'll straighten under load before we install it.
好。总的来说，这批货可以接收，有一个例外——7号梁弯曲度在临界值。 我们有条件接收，但安装前要让加工厂确认在载荷下能否拉直。
周工: 老张, please move the accepted material to the laydown area. Beam #7 goes to the hold area for further evaluation.
老张，把已验收的材料移到堆场。7号梁放到待定区做进一步评估。
老张: Got it. I'll update the inventory and log everything in the material tracking system.
收到。我更新库存，全部录入材料跟踪系统。
At the Batching Plant — Concrete Materials and Mix Control
Lin, I'm doing my weekly batching plant audit. Show me your aggregate stockpile and the current mix records.
林工，我在做周搅拌站审核。给我看看骨料堆场和当前的配合比记录。
林工: Sure, Dave. This way. Our coarse aggregate is 3/4-inch crushed limestone from the local quarry. Fine aggregate is natural river sand. Cement is ASTM C150 Type I/II Portland cement.
好的，Dave。这边走。我们粗骨料是3/4英寸石灰石碎石，来自本地采石场。 细骨料是天然河沙。水泥是ASTM C150 I/II型波特兰水泥。
Are you testing the aggregate moisture content daily? That affects the water-cement ratio.
你们每天测骨料含水率吗？这个影响水灰比。
林工: Twice a day — morning and afternoon. Here's today's log: coarse aggregate moisture is 1.2%, sand moisture is 5.5%. We adjust the batch water accordingly.
每天两次——上午一次、下午一次。这是今天的记录：粗骨料含水率1.2%， 砂含水率5.5%。我们相应调整配料用水。
The mix design calls for 325 lbs of water per cubic yard at SSD (saturated surface dry) condition. Since the sand has 5.5% free moisture, we subtract that from the batch water. Actual batch water is 325 - (1,240 × 0.055) = 325 - 68 = 257 lbs.
配合比设计是每立方码325磅水，按饱和面干状态计算。由于砂有5.5%游离 水，我们从配料用水中减去。实际配料用水 = 325 - (1240 × 0.055) = 257 磅。
Good. And the admixtures?
好。外加剂呢？
林工: We're using a high-range water reducer — a polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer — at 4 fl oz per 100 lbs of cement. And an air-entraining admixture at 0.5 fl oz per 100 lbs for freeze- thaw resistance.
我们用高效减水剂——聚羧酸基超塑化剂——每100磅水泥4液盎司。还有引 气剂，每100磅水泥0.5液盎司，用于抗冻融。
Operator, can you run the current batch mix on screen?
操作员，能在大屏上调出当前批次的配合比吗？
操作员: Yes, sir. This is Batch #238. Cement: 815 lbs. Water: 259 lbs (adjusted). Coarse aggregate: 1,920 lbs. Fine aggregate: 1,238 lbs. Admixture #1: 32.6 fl oz. Admixture #2: 4.1 fl oz.
好的。这是第238批次。水泥：815磅。水：259磅（已调整）。粗骨料： 1,920磅。细骨料：1,238磅。外加剂1号：32.6液盎司。外加剂2号：4.1液 盎司。
That's within the ±1% tolerance for aggregate and ±3% for water. Now I want to see a slump test on this batch.
这在骨料±1%、水±3%的公差范围内。现在我要看这批的坍落度试验。
林工: (sampling fresh concrete) Here's the sample. Let me rod it per ASTM C143... after lifting the cone, the slump is 3.5 inches. Spec is 3 to 4 inches. Right in the sweet spot.
（采样新拌混凝土）这是样品。我按照ASTM C143捣实……提起坍落度筒后， 坍落度是3.5英寸。指标是3到4英寸。正好在最佳范围。
Cast the cylinders for compressive strength testing — four cylinders: two for 7-day and two for 28-day. Label them properly.
做试块做抗压强度检测——四个试块：两个7天、两个28天。标记清楚。
林工: Will do. Labeled with date, batch number, mix ID, and location. We've been consistently hitting 4,500 psi at 7 days and about 5,800 psi at 28 days — well above the 5,000 psi spec.
好的。标记上日期、批次号、配合比编号和浇筑部位。我们7天强度一直稳 定在4,500 psi，28天大约5,800 psi——远超5,000 psi的指标。
Excellent. The batch is approved. Keep up the good quality control. I'll be back next week for the follow-up audit.
很好。这批批准了。继续保持好的质量控制。我下周来做后续审核。