一、开关设备 | Switchgear & Switchboards
开关柜— switchgear; switchboard —/ˈswɪtʃˌɡɪr/; /ˈswɪtʃˌbɔrd/
中压开关柜— MV switchgear —/ˈɛm ˈvi ˈswɪtʃˌɡɪr/
低压开关柜— LV switchboard —/ˈɛl ˈvi ˈswɪtʃˌbɔrd/
断路器— circuit breaker —/ˈsɜrkɪt ˈbreɪkər/
真空断路器— vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) —/ˈvækjum ˈsɜrkɪt ˈbreɪkər/
SF6断路器— SF6 circuit breaker —/ˈɛs ˈɛf ˈsɪks ˈsɜrkɪt ˈbreɪkər/
空气断路器— air circuit breaker (ACB) —/ɛr ˈsɜrkɪt ˈbreɪkər/
塑壳断路器— molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) —/ˈmoʊldɪd keɪs ˈsɜrkɪt ˈbreɪkər/
微型断路器— miniature circuit breaker (MCB) —/ˈmɪniətʃər ˈsɜrkɪt ˈbreɪkər/
隔离开关— disconnect switch; isolator —/ˌdɪskəˈnɛkt swɪtʃ/; /ˈaɪsəˌleɪtər/
负荷开关— load break switch —/loʊd breɪk swɪtʃ/
接地开关— grounding switch —/ˈɡraʊndɪŋ swɪtʃ/
接触器— contactor —/ˈkɑnˌtæktər/
熔断器— fuse —/fjuz/
高压熔断器— power fuse; current-limiting fuse —/ˈpaʊər fjuz/
母线— busbar; bus —/ˈbʌsˌbɑr/; /bʌs/
铜母线— copper busbar —/ˈkɑpər ˈbʌsˌbɑr/
母线槽— bus duct; busway —/bʌs dʌkt/; /ˈbʌsˌweɪ/
绝缘子— insulator; bus support —/ˈɪnsəˌleɪtər/
二、变压器 | Transformers
变压器— transformer —/trænsˈfɔrmər/
电力变压器— power transformer —/ˈpaʊər trænsˈfɔrmər/
配电变压器— distribution transformer —/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuʃən trænsˈfɔrmər/
升压变压器— step-up transformer —/stɛp ʌp trænsˈfɔrmər/
降压变压器— step-down transformer —/stɛp daʊn trænsˈfɔrmər/
主变压器— main power transformer (MPT) —/meɪn ˈpaʊər trænsˈfɔrmər/
厂用变压器— auxiliary transformer; station service transformer —/ɔɡˈzɪljəri trænsˈfɔrmər/
隔离变压器— isolation transformer —/ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən trænsˈfɔrmər/
干式变压器— dry-type transformer —/draɪ taɪp trænsˈfɔrmər/
油浸变压器— oil-immersed transformer —/ɔɪl ɪˈmɜrst trænsˈfɔrmər/
高压绕组— HV winding —/ˈeɪtʃ ˈvi ˈwaɪndɪŋ/
低压绕组— LV winding —/ˈɛl ˈvi ˈwaɪndɪŋ/
铁芯— core —/kɔr/
分接开关— tap changer —/tæp ˈtʃeɪndʒər/
有载调压— OLTC (On-Load Tap Changer) —/ˈoʊ ˈɛl ˈti ˈsi/
无载调压— DETC (De-Energized Tap Changer) —/ˈdi ˈi ˈti ˈsi/
套管— bushing —/ˈbʊʃɪŋ/
高压套管— HV bushing —/ˈeɪtʃ ˈvi ˈbʊʃɪŋ/
散热器— radiator; cooling fin —/ˈreɪdiˌeɪtər/
油枕— conservator tank —/ˈkɑnsərˌveɪtər tæŋk/
呼吸器— breather; silica gel breather —/ˈbriðər/
瓦斯继电器— Buchholz relay —/ˈbʊkhɔlts ˈriˌleɪ/
油位计— oil level indicator —/ɔɪl ˈlɛvəl ˈɪndɪˌkeɪtər/
温度计— temperature gauge; winding temperature indicator —/ˈtɛmpərətʃər ɡeɪdʒ/
三、配电设备 | Distribution Equipment
配电盘— panelboard; distribution panel —/ˈpænəlˌbɔrd/
配电箱— distribution box; DB —/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuʃən bɑks/
照明配电箱— lighting panel —/ˈlaɪtɪŋ ˈpænəl/
动力配电箱— power distribution panel —/ˈpaʊər ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuʃən ˈpænəl/
插座— receptacle; outlet —/rɪˈsɛptəkəl/; /ˈaʊtˌlɛt/
工业插座— industrial receptacle; pin-and-sleeve connector —/ɪnˈdʌstriəl rɪˈsɛptəkəl/
开关— switch —/swɪtʃ/
隔离开关箱— disconnect enclosure —/ˌdɪskəˈnɛkt ɪnˈkloʊʒər/
控制变压器— control power transformer (CPT) —/kənˈtroʊl ˈpaʊər trænsˈfɔrmər/
ATS切换开关— ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch) —/ˈeɪ ˈti ˈɛs/
UPS不间断电源— UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) —/ˈju ˈpi ˈɛs/
电池组— battery bank —/ˈbætəri bæŋk/
直流屏— DC panel; battery charger panel —/ˈdi ˈsi ˈpænəl/
四、电机与驱动 | Motors & Drives
电机— motor —/ˈmoʊtər/
感应电机— induction motor —/ɪnˈdʌkʃən ˈmoʊtər/
同步电机— synchronous motor —/ˈsɪŋkrənəs ˈmoʊtər/
直流电机— DC motor —/ˈdi ˈsi ˈmoʊtər/
变频器— VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) —/ˈvi ˈɛf ˈdi/
软启动器— soft starter —/sɔft ˈstɑrtər/
电机控制中心— MCC (Motor Control Center) —/ˈɛm ˈsi ˈsi/
启动器— starter; motor starter —/ˈstɑrtər/
星三角启动— wye-delta starter —/waɪ ˈdɛltə ˈstɑrtər/
全压启动— DOL (Direct-On-Line) starter —/ˈdi ˈoʊ ˈɛl ˈstɑrtər/
过载保护— overload protection —/ˈoʊvərˌloʊd prəˈtɛkʃən/
热继电器— thermal overload relay —/ˈθɜrməl ˈoʊvərˌloʊd ˈriˌleɪ/
五、补偿与滤波 | Compensation & Filtering
电容器组— capacitor bank —/kəˈpæsɪtər bæŋk/
电抗器— reactor —/riˈæktər/
串联电抗器— series reactor —/ˈsɪriz riˈæktər/
并联电容器— shunt capacitor —/ʃʌnt kəˈpæsɪtər/
谐波滤波器— harmonic filter —/hɑrˈmɑnɪk ˈfɪltər/
有源滤波器— active harmonic filter —/ˈæktɪv hɑrˈmɑnɪk ˈfɪltər/
无源滤波器— passive filter —/ˈpæsɪv ˈfɪltər/
SVC静止无功补偿— SVC (Static VAR Compensator) —/ˈɛs ˈvi ˈsi/
STATCOM— STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) —/ˈstætˌkɑm/
功率因数校正— power factor correction (PFC) —/ˈpaʊər ˈfæktər kəˈrɛkʃən/
Main Power Transformer — Installation and Pre-Commissioning Check
GregDing, the main power transformer has been on its pad for a week. Before we energize, let's go through the checklist.
丁工，主变压器已就位一周了。送电前我们过一遍检查表。
Greg丁工: Sure. This is a 100 MVA, 230 kV / 34.5 kV, ONAN/ONAF oil- immersed power transformer, three-phase, 60 Hz. Made by the manufacturer in Germany — shipped fully assembled with oil.
好的。这是100 MVA、230 kV/34.5 kV、ONAN/ONAF油浸式电力变压器，三 相60Hz。德国厂家制造——带油整体运输。
Greg变压器技员: We completed the internal inspection through the manhole last Tuesday. Core and windings are intact — no shipping damage. The tap changer was set to the nominal position per the site voltage profile study.
上周二我们通过人孔完成了内部检查。铁芯和绕组完好——没有运输损伤。 分接开关已按现场电压分析结果置于额定位置。
GregLet's check the bushings. I want to see the oil level in each HV and LV bushing. If the oil is cloudy or the level is low, that's a red flag.
检查套管。我要看每个高压和低压套管的油位。油混浊或油位低是红色警 报。
Greg丁工: (climbing up) HV bushings — oil is clear, level at the 25°C mark. Ambient is 28°C, so that's correct. LV bushings — same, clear oil, proper level. The bushing CTs are connected to the terminal box per the wiring diagram.
（爬上）高压套管——油清澈，油位在25°C标记处。环境28°C，读数正确。 低压套管——同样清澈、油位正常。套管CT按接线图已接到端子箱。
GregNow the conservator. The silica gel in the breather — is it still blue, or has it turned pink?
现在看油枕。呼吸器里的硅胶——还是蓝色的还是变粉了？
Greg变压器技员: Silica gel is blue — good. The Buchholz relay is installed on the pipe between the main tank and the conservator. It's been tested — alarm and trip contacts are functional. The sudden-pressure relay is also tested and commissioned.
硅胶蓝色——好。瓦斯继电器装在油箱与油枕之间的管路上。已测试——报 警和跳闸接点功能正常。压力突变继电器也已测试调试完毕。
GregWhat about the cooling system?
冷却系统呢？
Greg丁工: The radiators are clean, no leaks. The cooling fans are powered up — all 8 fans rotate in the correct direction. The oil pump is operating. We tested the automatic cooling control: at 45°C winding temperature, fans start; at 55°C, the second stage of cooling kicks in. This is logged in the test report.
散热器干净、无漏油。冷却风扇通电——8台风扇全部转向正确。油泵运转正 常。我们测试了自动冷却控制：绕组温度45°C启动风扇，55°C启动第二级。这 些已记录在试验报告中。
GregGood. Last check — DGA. Did you take an oil sample for dissolved gas analysis?
好。最后一项——油中溶解气体分析。取了油样吗？
Greg丁工: Yes, sample taken last Friday. The DGA results came back clear — acetylene zero, hydrogen under 10 ppm. No sign of arcing or overheating. Baseline established. We'll take another sample after 30 days of operation.
取了，上周五。DGA结果干净——乙炔为零、氢气低于10 ppm。无电弧或过 热迹象。基线已建立。运行30天后我们再取一个样。
MV Switchgear — Busbar Connection and Breaker Testing
The switchgear sections are in place — 8 cubicles: incoming, outgoing, PT, and bus tie. Now let's connect the busbars.
主母排额定2,000安培，铜质，每相4根——每根4英寸×1/4英寸。连接螺栓 是M12高强度钢，配碟形弹簧垫圈以在热循环过程中保持接触压力。
Clean the contact surfaces first — use lint-free cloth and alcohol. Any oxidation will increase contact resistance and create hot spots.
接触面清洁完毕。涂薄层导电膏。现在穿螺栓——交叉对角按厂家扭矩35英 尺-磅拧紧。
Wait — I need to measure contact resistance at each joint. Using a micro-ohmmeter. Phase A: 8 micro-ohms. Phase B: 7. Phase C: 9. Spec is less than 15. All pass.
好。现在装断路器。这些是34.5千伏真空断路器，额定1,250安培，25千安 分断能力。带底盘车——小心摇进柜体。
断路器摇进去了。一次触头平顺啮合。二次插头已连接——控制电源、状态 接点、跳闸回路。现在做功能测试。合闸指令——断路器合闸。分闸指令—— 断路器分闸。储簧电机工作……8秒储满。防跳跃回路测试——OK。
Let's measure the breaker timing. Use the breaker analyzer. Close time: 45 ms. Open time: 28 ms. Within manufacturer's data sheet range.