一、运维基础 | O&M Fundamentals
运维— operation and maintenance (O&M) —/ˌɑpəˈreɪʃən ænd ˈmeɪntənəns/
预防性维护— preventive maintenance —/prɪˈvɛntɪv ˈmeɪntənəns/
计划性维护— planned maintenance —/plænd ˈmeɪntənəns/
状态检修— condition-based maintenance (CBM) —/kənˈdɪʃən beɪst ˈmeɪntənəns/
事故检修— breakdown maintenance; corrective maintenance —/ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn ˈmeɪntənəns/
巡视— patrol; inspection; walk-down —/pəˈtroʊl/; /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/
定期巡视— periodic inspection —/ˌpɪriˈɑdɪk ɪnˈspɛkʃən/
特殊巡视— special inspection —/ˈspɛʃəl ɪnˈspɛkʃən/
夜间巡视— night inspection —/naɪt ɪnˈspɛkʃən/
故障巡视— fault patrol; trouble shooting —/fɔlt pəˈtroʊl/
带电作业— live-line work; hot-line work —/laɪv laɪn wɜrk/
停电作业— outage work —/ˈaʊtɪdʒ wɜrk/
二、线路运维 | Line O&M
通道清理— right-of-way (ROW) clearing —/raɪt əv weɪ ˈklɪrɪŋ/
树木修剪— tree trimming; vegetation management —/tri ˈtrɪmɪŋ/
铁塔防腐— tower corrosion protection —/ˈtaʊər kəˈroʊʒən prəˈtɛkʃən/
螺栓紧固— bolt tightening —/boʊlt ˈtaɪtənɪŋ/
绝缘子清扫— insulator cleaning —/ˈɪnsəˌleɪtər ˈklinɪŋ/
零值绝缘子检测— defective insulator detection —/dɪˈfɛktɪv ˈɪnsəˌleɪtər dɪˈtɛkʃən/
导线修补— conductor repair —/kənˈdʌktər rɪˈpɛr/
防振锤检查— damper inspection —/ˈdæmpər ɪnˈspɛkʃən/
接地电阻测量— ground resistance measurement —/graʊnd rɪˈzɪstəns ˈmɛʒərmənt/
弧垂调整— sag adjustment —/sæg əˈdʒʌstmənt/
覆冰处理— de-icing; ice removal —/di ˈaɪsɪŋ/
线路跳闸— line trip —/laɪn trɪp/
三、变电站运维 | Substation O&M
倒闸操作— switching operation —/ˈswɪtʃɪŋ ˌɑpəˈreɪʃən/
设备巡检— equipment patrol —/ɪˈkwɪpmənt pəˈtroʊl/
红外测温— infrared thermography; thermal scanning —/ˌɪnfrəˈrɛd θɜrˈmɑgrəfi/
局部放电检测— partial discharge (PD) detection —/ˈpɑrʃəl dɪsˈtʃɑrdʒ dɪˈtɛkʃən/
SF6气体监测— SF6 gas monitoring —/ˈɛs ˈɛf sɪks gæs ˈmɑnɪtərɪŋ/
变压器油检测— transformer oil testing —/trænsˈfɔrmər ɔɪl ˈtɛstɪŋ/
溶解气体分析— dissolved gas analysis (DGA) —/dɪˈzɑlvd gæs əˈnæləsɪs/
有载调压开关— on-load tap changer (OLTC) —/ɑn loʊd tæp ˈtʃeɪndʒər/
OLTC维护— OLTC maintenance —/ˈoʊ ˈɛl ˈti ˈsi ˈmeɪntənəns/
蓄电池检测— battery testing —/ˈbætəri ˈtɛstɪŋ/
保护定检— protection relay periodic testing —/prəˈtɛkʃən ˈriˌleɪ ˌpɪriˈɑdɪk ˈtɛstɪŋ/
设备缺陷— equipment defect —/ɪˈkwɪpmənt ˈdifɛkt/
四、故障处理与应急 | Fault Response & Emergency
跳闸分析— trip analysis —/trɪp əˈnæləsɪs/
故障定位— fault location —/fɔlt loʊˈkeɪʃən/
故障测距— fault distance estimation —/fɔlt ˈdɪstəns ˌɛstɪˈmeɪʃən/
重合成功— successful reclose —/səkˈsɛsfəl rɪˈkloʊz/
重合不成功— unsuccessful reclose —/ˌʌnsəkˈsɛsfəl rɪˈkloʊz/
永久故障— permanent fault —/ˈpɜrmənənt fɔlt/
瞬时故障— transient fault —/ˈtrænʃənt fɔlt/
强送电— forced energization; trial energization —/fɔrst ˌɛnərdʒaɪˈzeɪʃən/
事故处理— fault handling; emergency response —/fɔlt ˈhændlɪŋ/
应急抢修— emergency repair —/ɪˈmɜrdʒənsi rɪˈpɛr/
黑启动— black start —/blæk stɑrt/
孤岛运行— islanded operation; islanding —/ˈaɪləndɪd ˌɑpəˈreɪʃən/
五、运维指标与管理 | O&M KPIs & Management
可用率— availability —/əˌveɪləˈbɪləti/
强迫停运率— forced outage rate (FOR) —/fɔrst ˈaʊtɪdʒ reɪt/
平均修复时间— mean time to repair (MTTR) —/min taɪm tu rɪˈpɛr/
平均无故障时间— mean time between failures (MTBF) —/min taɪm bɪˈtwin ˈfeɪljərz/
线损率— line loss rate —/laɪn lɔs reɪt/
供电可靠率— supply reliability; SAIDI/SAIFI —/səˈplaɪ rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/
设备完好率— equipment integrity rate —/ɪˈkwɪpmənt ɪnˈtɛgrəti reɪt/
消缺率— defect elimination rate —/ˈdifɛkt ɪˌlɪmɪˈneɪʃən reɪt/
巡检到位率— patrol completion rate —/pəˈtroʊl kəmˈpliʃən reɪt/
两票三制— two-ticket three-system —/tu ˈtɪkɪt θri ˈsɪstəm/
操作票— switching order —/ˈswɪtʃɪŋ ˈɔrdər/
工作票— work permit —/wɜrk pərˈmɪt/
交班/接班— shift handover —/ʃɪft ˈhændˌoʊvər/
设备台账— equipment register —/ɪˈkwɪpmənt ˈrɛdʒɪstər/
Characters: O&M Engineer (运维工程师 OM) / Line Crew Supervisor (线路班班长 LC)
OMWe just had a trip on the 220 kV Line 7 at 03:42. The distance protection operated — Zone 1, phase B-to-ground fault. The fault locator puts it at 34.2 km from our substation, which is near Tower T-23. The auto-reclose attempted but failed — it's a permanent fault. We need a patrol crew dispatched immediately.
220kV 7号线03:42跳闸。距离保护动作——1段、B相接地故障。故障测距在我们变 电站侧34.2公里，靠近T-23塔。自动重合闸尝试了但未成功——永久故障。需要立即 派出巡线组。
LCT-23 is in the forested area near the river crossing. At this hour, we'll need high-power flashlights and thermal imaging. I'm dispatching a 4-man crew now — they'll be on site within 40 minutes. While they travel, pull up the last inspection records for Tower T-22 to T-24. Were there any defects noted? Also, check if there was lightning activity in that area around 03:42 — the SCADA should have the lightning detection data from the network.
T-23在河边林区。这个时间需要大功率手电和热成像仪。现在派四人组——40分钟内 到。他们路上时调T-22到T-24的最近巡检记录。有没有标注缺陷？还有查03:42左右 该区域是否有雷击活动——SCADA应该有电网雷电定位数据。
OMLast inspection was 12 days ago — no defects at T-23. Lightning data shows no strikes within 5 km of the line at the trip time. That rules out lightning. Could be a broken insulator string, a fallen tree on the conductor, or vandalism. I'm also checking if any construction activity was reported near that section — there's a quarry about 2 km away that's been doing blasting. The vibration might have loosened hardware.
上次巡检12天前——T-23无缺陷。雷电数据跳闸时间线路5公里内无雷击。排除雷击。 可能是绝缘子串断裂、倒树压线或人为破坏。也在查该段附近是否有施工活动——约2公里 外有个采石场一直在爆破。振动可能松动了金具。
LCCrew has arrived. Report: one insulator string on the B-phase suspension at T-23 is shattered — porcelain fragments on the ground. The conductor dropped onto the tower cross-arm, causing the permanent fault. They're taking photos now. We need a replacement insulator string — 18 units, 280 kN rating, and a hot-line crew if we want to restore without a full outage. With a full outage, we can fix in 4 hours. Live-line repair? About 8 hours but no customer minutes lost.
班组到了。报告：T-23塔B相悬垂一串绝缘子粉碎——地上有瓷碎片。导线掉落在 塔横担上造成永久故障。正拍照。需要替换绝缘子串——18片、280kN级，还要带电班 如果不想全停。全停4小时修复。带电作业约8小时但不损失用户分钟。