一、排水分类与系统 | Drainage Classification & Systems
排水系统— drainage system —/ˈdreɪnɪdʒ ˈsɪstəm/
污水系统— sewage system; sanitary drainage —/ˈsuɪdʒ ˈsɪstəm/; /ˈsænɪˌtɛri ˈdreɪnɪdʒ/
雨水系统— stormwater drainage; storm drainage —/ˈstɔrmˌwɔtər ˈdreɪnɪdʒ/
废水— wastewater —/ˈweɪstˌwɔtər/
灰水— gray water —/ɡreɪ ˈwɔtər/
黑水— black water —/blæk ˈwɔtər/
工业废水— industrial wastewater —/ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˈweɪstˌwɔtər/
含油污水— oily water —/ˈɔɪli ˈwɔtər/
雨污分流— separate sewer system —/ˈsɛpərɪt ˈsuər ˈsɪstəm/
合流制— combined sewer system —/kəmˈbaɪnd ˈsuər ˈsɪstəm/
重力流— gravity flow —/ˈɡrævəti floʊ/
压力流— pressure flow —/ˈprɛʃər floʊ/
二、管材与构筑物 | Pipe Materials & Structures
排水管— drain pipe; sewer pipe —/dreɪn paɪp/; /ˈsuər paɪp/
PVC-U管— PVC-U pipe —/ˈpi ˈvi ˈsi ˈju paɪp/
HDPE管— HDPE pipe —/ˈeɪtʃ ˈdi ˈpi ˈi paɪp/
铸铁管— cast iron pipe —/kæst ˈaɪərn paɪp/
混凝土管— concrete pipe —/ˈkɑnkrit paɪp/
检查井— manhole; inspection chamber —/ˈmænˌhoʊl/
雨水井— catch basin; gully —/kætʃ ˈbeɪsən/; /ˈɡʌli/
雨水口— storm drain inlet —/stɔrm dreɪn ˈɪnˌlɛt/
跌水井— drop manhole —/drɑp ˈmænˌhoʊl/
化粪池— septic tank —/ˈsɛptɪk tæŋk/
隔油池— grease trap; oil separator —/ɡris træp/; /ɔɪl ˈsɛpəˌreɪtər/
集水坑— sump pit —/sʌmp pɪt/
排水沟— drainage trench; channel drain —/ˈdreɪnɪdʒ trɛntʃ/
雨水管— downspout; rainwater pipe —/ˈdaʊnˌspaʊt/; /ˈreɪnˌwɔtər paɪp/
通气管— vent pipe —/vɛnt paɪp/
透气帽— vent cap —/vɛnt kæp/
存水弯— trap; P-trap —/træp/; /ˈpi træp/
清扫口— cleanout —/ˈklinˌaʊt/
三、污水提升与处理 | Sewage Lifting & Treatment
污水泵站— sewage pumping station —/ˈsuɪdʒ ˈpʌmpɪŋ ˈsteɪʃən/
污水泵— sewage pump —/ˈsuɪdʒ pʌmp/
潜水排污泵— submersible sewage pump —/səbˈmɜrsəbəl ˈsuɪdʒ pʌmp/
切割泵— grinder pump —/ˈɡraɪndər pʌmp/
液位控制— level control —/ˈlɛvəl kənˈtroʊl/
浮球开关— float switch —/floʊt swɪtʃ/
污水处理— sewage treatment; wastewater treatment —/ˈsuɪdʒ ˈtritmənt/
一级处理— primary treatment —/ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈtritmənt/
二级处理— secondary treatment —/ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˈtritmənt/
活性污泥法— activated sludge process —/ˈæktɪˌveɪtɪd slʌdʒ ˈprɑsɛs/
曝气— aeration —/ˌɛrˈeɪʃən/
沉淀池— settling tank; clarifier —/ˈsɛtlɪŋ tæŋk/; /ˈklærɪˌfaɪər/
消毒— disinfection —/ˌdɪsɪnˈfɛkʃən/
排放标准— discharge standard —/dɪsˈtʃɑrdʒ ˈstændərd/
BOD— BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) —/ˈbi ˈoʊ ˈdi/
COD— COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) —/ˈsi ˈoʊ ˈdi/
Oily Water Treatment Design — Workshop Drainage
SarahThe workshop drainage contains oil from equipment washdown — about 50 mg/L oil and grease. Our discharge permit allows maximum 10 mg/L. What treatment are you proposing?
车间排水含设备冲洗油——大约50 mg/L油和油脂。我们的排放许可允许 最高10 mg/L。你们建议什么处理方案？
MarkWe'll install an oil-water separator — a three-chamber gravity separator. Chamber 1: grit removal. Chamber 2: coalescing plates to separate the oil. Chamber 3: clean water discharge. The design hydraulic retention time is 30 minutes. At our peak flow of 12 m³/h, the separator volume needs to be 6 m³ minimum. We're sizing it at 8 m³ for safety margin. Expected effluent: less than 5 mg/L oil — half the permit limit.
我们装一台油水分离器——三室重力分离器。第一室：除砂。第二室： 聚结板分离油。第三室：清水排放。设计水力停留时间30分钟。峰值 流量12 m³/h，分离器容积最小6 m³。我们按8 m³做留安全余量。预期 出水：低于5 mg/L油——排放限值的一半。