数据中心工程
一、数据中心等级 | Data Center Tiers
二、电力系统 | Electrical Systems
三、冷却系统 | Cooling Systems
四、结构与消防 | Structure & Fire Protection
五、网络与布线 | Networking & Cabling
Data Center Electrical Commissioning — Tier III 5MW Facility
Raj, this is a Tier III data center — concurrently maintainable. The IT load is 3.5 MW, total facility power 5 MW. The key requirement: any single component can be taken offline for maintenance without interrupting the IT load. Walk me through the power path from the utility to the server rack.
Raj，这是Tier III数据中心——可并行维护。IT负载3.5MW、总设施 电力5MW。核心要求:任何单一组件可离线维护而不中断IT负载。给我 讲讲从市电到服务器机柜的供电路径。
Utility power comes in at 22 kV through two independent feeders from different substations — that's 2N redundancy at the source. Each feeder connects to its own 22kV/480V transformer, 3 MVA each. From the transformers, power goes to the main switchboard with a tie breaker — normally open, so each transformer serves its own bus. Downstream, we have six UPS modules in an N+1 configuration — each 800 kW. The UPS output goes to the PDUs, which distribute 415V three-phase to the RPPs in each data hall. At the rack level, the RPP provides dual 208V single-phase feeds to each rack — A-feed and B-feed. Every server has dual-corded power supplies, one on A, one on B. If either feed drops, the server keeps running.
市电22kV双路来自不同变电站——源头就是2N冗余。每路接自己的 22kV/480V变压器、各3MVA。变压器出线到带联络开关的主配电柜—— 常开、每台变压器服务各自母线。下游6台UPS模块N+1配置——各800kW。 UPS输出到PDU、分配415V三相到各数据大厅的RPP。机柜层RPP给每柜 双路208V单相——A路和B路。每台服务器双电源线、一路A一路B。任一路 掉电、服务器不停。
We just finished the integrated system test on the electrical system. Test scenario: loss of utility feeder A. We opened the feeder A breaker at the utility intake. The A-side UPS transferred to battery within 4ms — the servers never saw the blip. After 8 seconds, the A-side diesel generator started, synchronized, and the ATS transferred the load to generator power. Total transfer time from utility loss to generator online: 12 seconds. The UPS batteries carried the load for those 12 seconds with voltage deviation under 2%. Now we're running on generator for a 4-hour full-load test. So far, so good.
刚做完电气系统联调。场景:市电A路断电。断开了市电进线A路开关。 A侧UPS 4ms内转电池——服务器根本没察觉。8秒后A侧柴油发电机启动、 同步、ATS把负载切到发电机。从市电丢失到发电机在线总时间12秒。 UPS电池支撑了那12秒、电压偏差2%以内。现在做4小时发电机满载测试。 目前一切正常。
Chilled Water Commissioning — Optimizing PUE
Lisa, the target design PUE for this data center is 1.25. That means for every 1.0 MW of IT load, we can only spend 0.25 MW on cooling, lighting, and other overhead. The chiller plant is the biggest energy consumer outside the IT equipment. Let's verify the chiller efficiency at the design load point.
Lisa，这个数据中心设计目标PUE 1.25。即每1.0MW IT负载、冷却照明 及其他只能耗0.25MW。冷站是IT设备外最大的能耗者。求证设计负荷点 冷水机组效率。
We have four 1,000 kW centrifugal chillers, N+1 with one redundant. At the design point — 3 MW cooling load with three chillers running — each chiller should deliver a COP of 6.5 at 7°C chilled water supply and 30°C condenser water return. At 15°C condenser water — which is our free cooling mode in winter — the COP rises to 12. But today we're running at summer conditions. Tom, what are the actual chiller readings?
4台1,000kW离心冷水机组、N+1冗余。设计工况——3MW冷负荷三台运行—— 每台应达COP 6.5、冷冻水7°C供/冷却水30°C回。冬天冷却水15°C时—— 即自然冷却模式——COP升至12。但今天在夏季工况跑。Tom、冷水机组实际 读数呢？
Chiller 1: cooling output 980 kW, compressor power 148 kW, COP = 6.62. Chiller 2: 975 kW, 146 kW, COP = 6.68. Chiller 3: 960 kW, 144 kW, COP = 6.67. All three above the 6.5 spec. The overall chiller plant efficiency including cooling tower fans and condenser water pumps is 5.8 kW/ton — very good. With the IT load at 2.8 MW right now and total facility power at 3.45 MW, our measured PUE is 3.45 / 2.8 = 1.23 — actually better than the design target of 1.25.
1号冷水机:冷量980kW、压缩机148kW、COP 6.62。2号:975/146kW、 COP 6.68。3号:960/144kW、COP 6.67。三台都超6.5。含冷却塔风机和 冷却水泵的总冷站效率5.8kW/冷吨——很好。当前IT 2.8MW、总设施3.45MW、 实测PUE 3.45/2.8=1.23——实际比设计目标1.25还好。